動詞不定式的用法：1、動詞不定式做主語時，用it作形式主語，不定式後置。2、動詞不定式做賓語常接在謂語動詞或系表結構後。3、動詞不定式可以做目的狀語，可以表達將來時態。4、疑問詞+動詞不定式表示“應該如何做/何時做/何地做哪些事”。5、特殊句型如“only to do”，意為“竟然”。
動詞不定式的用法
一、動詞不定式做主語
動詞不定式做主語，一般用it作形式主語，不定式後置，具體的句型為It's adj/noun (for sb) to do
It's a pity for you to drop out of school.
= For you, to drop out of school is a pity.
真遺憾，你竟然輟學了。
It's a pleasure for me to be your guest.
= For me, to be your guest is a pleasure.
很榮幸得到你的邀請。
It's a good plan for you to make more friendships.
= For you to make more friendships is a good plan.
廣交朋友是個好辦法。
It's a good idea for you to eat less fried food
= For you to eat less fried food is a good idea.
你少吃點油炸食品是好想法。
It was difficult to answer the question.
這問題很難回答。
It looked impossible for me to finish on time.
我似乎不可能按時完成了。
It was stupid of him to press the emergency button.
他按了緊急按鈕，這真愚蠢。
如果形容詞既可以修飾句子中的人，也可以修飾句子中的不定式，人前要用“of”
二、動詞不定式做賓語
1. 謂語動詞+動詞不定式(多數動詞屬於此類動詞)
Some students hate to study English.
有些學生不喜歡研讀英語。
You need to study in a quiet place.
你必須在安靜的地方讀書。
He likes to go to the movie.
他喜歡去看電影。
She wants to help Mary.
她想要幫助瑪麗。
She pretended not to go.
她假裝不去。
He pretended to be a good man.
他假裝是好人。
They agreed to have a meeting the next week.
他們同意下星期開會。
They stopped to have a rest.
他們停下來休息。(停下去做)
I have stopped smoking for half a year.
我已經半年不抽煙了。(停止做)
She remembered to surf the internet to get information.
她記得上網查信息。(記得要做)
I remembered bringing my homework.
我記得帶作業了。(記得做過)
We happened to meet at the station.
我們碰巧在火車站相遇。
2. 系表結構+動詞不定式
glad，sorry，happy，sad，surprised，troubled等與情緒有關的形容詞後常用動詞不定式。
I am glad to see him.
我很高興看到他。
Sue was troubled to see trash everywhere.
蘇看到到處是垃圾很苦惱。
Sara was excited to see the rock band.
莎拉看到搖滾樂團很興奮。
His health is likely to get worse.
他的健康可能會惡化。
三、 動詞不定式做賓語補足語
結構︰主語+謂語+賓語+動詞不定式
多數動詞，常用的有want，get，compel，expect，ask，would like，advise，urge，wish，tell，allow，permit，trouble，help，teach 等。
I told him not to give up.
我叫他不要放棄。
The teacher urged his students to prepare for the exam.
老師勸他的學生準備考試。
They forced me to do things against my will.
他們強迫我做違揹我心意的事。
Do you want me to go there instead of you?
要不要我代你到那兒去?
I got him to do it.
我叫他做這事。
Their help enabled me to finish the work with ease.
他們幫助我，使我能夠順利地完成工作。
The father allowed (=permitted) his son to travel abroad alone.
父親答應讓他的兒子單獨出國旅行。
We troubled him to turn on the light.
我們麻煩他打開電燈。
We needed someone to fix the tape recorder.
我們需要有人來修理錄音機。
注意：動詞不定式做make, have, let, hear, see, feel等動詞賓語的補足語，要省略“to”
make/have sb. do sth.
I made him do it.
我叫他做這事。
I let him do it.
我讓他做這事。
They had/made the girl clean the floor.
他們叫這個女孩打掃地板。
My father will probably have Tom paint the house green.
我爸爸很可能叫湯姆把房子漆成綠色。
He had me help him with his homework.
他叫我幫忙他做家庭作業。
Did you notice anyone come in?
你注意到有人進來過嗎?
As far as I remember, I have never seen him smile.
在我記憶中，我從未見他笑過。
I felt my heart beat violently.
我感覺到自己的心跳得很厲害。
She liked to listen to children talk.
她喜歡聽孩子們談話。
四
動詞不定式做目的狀語
To make sure that he was at home, I called him up in advance.
為了確定他在家，我事先打電話給他。
He came to China to learn Chinese twenty years ago.
他在20年前到中國學中文。
in order/so as + 動詞不定式
He must work very hard in order to support his large family.
他必須拼命工作以養活他的大家庭。
Listen carefully so as to follow the teacher.
要仔細聽才能聽懂老師講的課。
You must watch your step so as not to fall down.
你必須留心腳下才不會跌下去。
be used + 動詞不定式
The book is used to teach us how to write.
這本書教我們如何寫作。
The knife can be used to cut meat.
刀能用來切肉。
The book is used as a reference book.
這本書被用來做參考書。
五、動詞不定式表達將來
1. be going to ...
説明︰ “將做…”。，表示最近之未來將做的行為或未來的意圖。
經常用於口語，表示包含講話者的主觀或感情的情形。
He is going to marry Jane in May.
他打算五月和珍結婚。
I am going to stay up late to finish my paper.
為了完成報告我打算熬夜不睡。
I’m afraid he is going to lose the match.
我恐怕他會輸掉比賽。
The train was just going to start when we arrived.
我們到達時，火車馬上就要開了。
My father was a sailor and I’m going to be one, too.
我父親(以前)是水手，我也打算當水手。
2. be about to ...
説明︰意為“將做…”。表示極近的未來之行為。
He was surely about to change his mind. 他一定會改變主意。
She was about to walk out of the door when it began raining.
她正要出門，天下起了雨。
Something unusual was about to happen. 某種不尋常的事正要發生。
3. be to ...
説明︰含有事先的安排或命令，表示“必須…;應該…;打算…”。
At the end of the course, all students are to take a written exam.
本門課程結束時，所有學生都要參加書面考試。
Mr Jones is to speak at the meeting.
瓊斯先生將在會議上發言。
4. be bound to ... “一定…”
In such a hurry, she was bound to leave something behind that she would need later.
她走得太匆忙，一定會忘帶要用的東西的。
He is bound to come tonight.
他今天晚上一定會來。
After wasting her study time hanging out with friends, Rebecca was bound to fail her quiz the next day.
瑞貝卡浪費學習時間和朋友出去瞎混，她第二天的測試一定不會及格的。
六、疑問詞(how/what/when/where/which/whose(+名詞))+動詞不定式
“應該如何做/何時做/何地做/做哪些事…”。
How do I know what to do and what not to do?
我怎麼知道什麼該做，什麼不該做?
What to do is one question, and how to do it is quite another.
應該做什麼和應該怎樣做是完全不同的兩個問題。
We haven’t decided where to go for lunch. 我們還沒有決定去哪裏午餐。
There are so many fancy cars on display here that I don’t know which to buy.
有這麼多的豪華汽車在此展出，我不知要買哪一輛才好。
I don’t know which advise to follow.
不曉得該聽誰的勸告。
How to begin is more difficult than where to stop.
如何着手遠比在何處結束來得困難。
The problem is when to get the money we need.
問題是什麼時候能得到我們所需要的錢。
I have no other wish except to pass the examination.
我除了要通過考試之外，沒有別的心願。
七、含動詞不定式的其它特殊句型
1, ... too ... to ...
説明︰意為“太…而(使某人)不能…”。
He walked too slowly to catch up with me.
他走得太慢而不能跟上我。
It is too dark in this room for me to read a book.
房間太暗，使我無法看書。
This problem is too difficult for them to settle.
這對他們來説真是一個難解的問題。
The price is too low for customers to believe.
價格低得令顧客難以相信。
He is too young a boy to do it.
他還太小，無法做這事。
He has too much work on hand to go picnicking with us.
他手頭的工作太多了，不能跟我們去野餐。
I am only too glad to accept your kind invitation.
我非常高興地接受你的邀請。
He is only too willing to serve friends.
他極願為朋友效勞。
2, ADJ/ADV + enough to ...
説明︰此句型意為“足以…”。
We need several men strong enough to do the work.
我們需要幾個強壯得足以做這件工作的人。
They bought a house large enough for ten persons to live in.
我們買了一棟房子，大得足以供十個人住。
He is competent enough to fill that position.
他足以勝任那職位。
He ran fast enough to catch the thief.
他跑得飛快，足以抓住那小偷。
Our teacher is old enough to retire.
我們老師年紀已夠得上退休了。
3, ... be good enough to ...
説明︰此句型意為“請你…好嗎?”。語氣較客氣。
Would you be good enough to turn the radio down a bit?
請你把收音機的聲音關小一點好嗎?
Would you be good enough to keep silent?
請你保持安靜好嗎?
Would you be good enough to move a bit to the right?
請你往右邊移一點好嗎?
4, ... enough + N + to do ...
説明︰此句型意為“有足夠的…可以做…”。
He has enough money (=money enough) to buy a car.
他有足夠的錢買一輛汽車。
It is a pity that he doesn’t have enough money to sponsor the project.
遺憾的是他沒有足夠的錢來支持這項計劃。
5,... only to do ...
説明︰此句型意為“竟然…;卻…”。表示與先前的努力相反的結果，一般用在句尾。
He studied hard only to fail in the exam.
他這麼用功，結果竟然考場失利。
He rushed all the way to the station only to miss the train.
他一路衝往車站，結果還是錯過了火車。
I went out, merely to get caught in a shower.
我跑出去，結果徒然碰到一場驟雨。
6, ... have only to do ...
説明︰此句型意為“只需…就夠了”。
You have only to sit there and watch what I am doing.
你只要坐在這裏，看着我做就行了。
Don’t worry; you have only to sing a song to please her.
不用擔心，你只需唱首歌讓她高興就行了。
You have only to ask and he’ll tell you.
你只要問他，他就會告訴你。
7, ... seem/appear to ...
説明︰此句型意為“似乎是…，好像…”。
John seems to love music very much. 約翰似乎很喜歡音樂。
He appears to be very tired. 他似乎很累。
These stars appear to move around the North Star. 這些星星似乎環繞着北極星轉。
8, ... is said to ...
説明︰此句型意為“據説…(現在)是…”。
She is said to have given a lot of money to charity.
據説她向慈善機構捐了大量的錢。
That author is said to be very famous.
據説，那個作家非常有名。
They are said to build a hospital here.
據説他們要在這裏蓋一家醫院。
八.含動詞不定式的常見固定表達：
to tell the truth(老實説) to be brief(簡言之)
to begin with(首先) to sum up(總之)
to make matters worse(更糟的是)
so to speak(可以這麼説) needless to say(不用説)等。
To tell the truth, I don’t agree to your plan.
老實講，我不同意你的計劃。
Mary is, so to speak, a hardworking student.
瑪麗可説是個用功的學生。
Needless to say, learning without thinking is useless.
不用説，學而不思則罔。
